VARIABILITY OF BASIC AGRONOMIC TRAITS HERBICIDE-RESISTANT SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS, DEVELOPMENT BY «VNIS», IN THE FOREST-STEPPE AND SOUTHERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE

Abstract

The article presents results of environmental trials of «VNIS», imidazolinone (IMI) and tribenuron - methyl (SU) - resistant sunflower hybrids, which were conducted in the Forest-Steppe and Southern Steppe of Ukraine. In regions with contrasting climatic conditions, the variability parameters of basic agronomic traits (yield, oil content of seeds, oil production per hectare) were determined in hybrids. The growing conditions comfort was assessed by variability of the traits at each test site. The specificity of the hybrid response (IMI, SU) in the formation of traits under contrast agroclimatic conditions of cultivation was revealed. For the imidazolinone - resistant hybrids, the conditions of the Kyiv region (Forest - Steppe) were the most comfortable, judging from their yields and oil product per hectare. The conditions of the Kherson region (Southern Steppe) were the best for oil content of seeds. For the tribenuron - methyl-resistant hybrids, the Southern Steppe (Mykolaiv region) was the most suitable to produce high yields and oil product per hectare, and the Forest Steppe (Kyiv region) – to accumulate high contents of oil in seeds.Comparisons of hybrids of different chemical resistance groups revealed that the IMI - resistant hybrids outperformed the SU - resistant ones in terms of yield and oil production per hectare at each test site.Comparative characteristics of expression levels (high, medium, low) of each trait of the hybrids were defined for the herbicide resistance groups under investigation. The difference in the yield between the imidazolinone - resistant hybrids and the tribenuron - methyl-resistant hybrids was 0,3–0,44 t/ha, depending on the expression group. As to oil content of seeds, the SU - resistant hybrids were also inferior to the IMI - resistant ones, ranging from 0,5 % in the medium expression group to 0?18% in the low expression group. As to oil product, the IMI - resistant hybrids outperformed the SU - hybrids by 968,0–1583,0 kg/ha, depending on the expression level the trait. The environment indices demonstrated that in the arid conditions of the Southern Steppe the imidazolinone - resistant hybrids accumulated more oil in seeds. The hybrids’ types of environmental plasticity and stability were determined for the basic breeding-significant for production traits.Promising for production sunflower hybrids of various plasticity and regional orientation, which are resistant to imidazolinones and tribenuron - methyl and combine high yields, oil contents of seeds and oil product per hectare, were distinguished.

Keywords

• sunflower
• helianthus annuus l.
• hybrid
• yield
• oil content of seeds