Vacuum evaporation and condensation thermodynamics and evaporation kinetics of pure silver

Shuangping Wang; Xianjun Lei; Baoqiang Xu; Wenlong Jiang; Lingxin Kong; Bin Yang; Yang Tian; Yuanhui Liu

Next Materials (Jul 2024)

Vacuum evaporation and condensation thermodynamics and evaporation kinetics of pure silver

Shuangping Wang,
Xianjun Lei,
Baoqiang Xu,
Wenlong Jiang,
Lingxin Kong,
Bin Yang,
Yang Tian,
Yuanhui Liu

Affiliations

Shuangping Wang: Key Laboratory for Nonferrous Vacuum Metallurgy of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; National Engineering Research Center of Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
Xianjun Lei: Key Laboratory for Nonferrous Vacuum Metallurgy of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; National Engineering Research Center of Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
Baoqiang Xu: Key Laboratory for Nonferrous Vacuum Metallurgy of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; National Engineering Research Center of Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; Corresponding author at: National Engineering Research Center of Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China.
Wenlong Jiang: Key Laboratory for Nonferrous Vacuum Metallurgy of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; National Engineering Research Center of Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
Lingxin Kong: Key Laboratory for Nonferrous Vacuum Metallurgy of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; National Engineering Research Center of Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
Bin Yang: Key Laboratory for Nonferrous Vacuum Metallurgy of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; National Engineering Research Center of Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
Yang Tian: Key Laboratory for Nonferrous Vacuum Metallurgy of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; State Key Laboratory of Complex Nonferrous Metal Resources Clean Utilization, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; National Engineering Research Center of Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
Yuanhui Liu: Key Laboratory for Nonferrous Vacuum Metallurgy of Yunnan Province, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; National Engineering Research Center of Vacuum Metallurgy, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; Faculty of Metallurgical and Energy Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; Shandong Humon Smelting Co., Ltd, Yantai 264000, China

Journal volume & issue: Vol. 4
p. 100189

Abstract

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A comprehensive analysis of the characteristics of vacuum evaporation and condensation of pure silver is crucial for advancing vacuum separation and purification technology for crude silver. This study analyzes the vacuum evaporation and condensation thermodynamics and evaporation kinetics of pure silver. The results reveal a substantial increase in the saturated vapor pressure and theoretical maximum evaporation rate of pure silver with increasing temperature. When the temperature is in the range of 1373 ∼ 1773 K and the pressure is in the range of 0.1 ∼ 10 Pa, the average molecular free path is between 0.514 ∼ 66.415 cm. Moreover, the mean molecular free path of silver increases with increasing temperature and decreasing pressure. Besides, the silver triple point occurs at a temperature of 1234.78 K and a pressure of 0.343 Pa. The average evaporation rate of pure silver demonstrates a linear relationship with temperature, and the relationship with pressure conforms to the Logistic model. Notably, the vacuum evaporation of pure silver is a first-order reaction. Furthermore, in this study, the kinetic equation of vacuum evaporation of pure silver is established. In the temperature range of 1473–1673 K, the gas phase mass transfer is the rate-controlling step rather than the mass transfer in the gas phase boundary layer. As the temperature increases, the rate-controlling step gradually changes into gas relative flow mass transfer and gas-liquid interface evaporation mass transfer.

Published in Next Materials

ISSN: 2949-8228 (Online)
Publisher: Elsevier
Country of publisher: United Kingdom
LCC subjects: Technology
Website: https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/next-materials

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