CFD and Experimental Comparison for Micro-Pump Performance in Space Applications: A Case Study

Abstract

This paper presents a case study comparing CFD predictions with experimental measurements for micropumps, with the goal of evaluating the accuracy and limitations of CFD methods in complex microscale geometries. A fast design and evaluation methodology was developed, integrating linear design, 3D fully viscous CFD-based optimization, and rapid prototyping and testing. The main problem at this scale and configuration of pumps is the combination of Reynolds and Taylor numbers. Their impact on labyrinth performance prediction and therefore volumetric efficiency dominates the losses at this scale. Multiple CFD simulations were conducted using various turbulence models and solver settings, and results were compared against experimental data. The labyrinth region was simulated both independently and as part of the full pump assembly, with RANS and LES used for the former and RANS for the latter. Precision 3D-printed rotors and volutes were tested, and performance maps were obtained. Significant discrepancies between CFD and experiments were observed, which were reconciled using two empirical scaling coefficients for pressure and mass flow. These collapsed the CFD predictions onto the experimental data across all available speedlines. While the generalizability of these coefficients remains uncertain, the concept of using corrected scales, rather than other methods, seems to capture the macroscopic discrepancies between CFD and experiments.

Keywords

• closed impeller
• centrifugal pump
• additive manufacturing
• CFD
• hydraulic efficiency