Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity (Apr 2022)
The Impact of Intestinal Microorganisms and Their Metabolites on Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Abstract
Shu-Juan Zheng,1 Yi Luo,1,2 Jian-Hui Xiao1,2 1Zunyi Municipal Key Laboratory of Medicinal Biotechnology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People’s Republic of China; 2Guizhou Provincial Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Jian-Hui Xiao, Guizhou Provincial Research Center for Translational Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, 149 Dalian Road, HuiChuan District, Zunyi, 563003, People’s Republic of China, Email [email protected]: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is an autoimmune disease with a complex etiology comprising numerous genetic and environmental factors; however, many of the mechanisms underlying disease development remain unclear. Nevertheless, a critical role has recently been assigned to intestinal microorganisms in T1DM disease pathogenesis. In particular, a decrease in intestinal microbial diversity, increase in intestinal permeability, and the translocation of intestinal bacteria to the pancreas have been reported in patients and animal models with T1DM. Moreover, intestinal microbial metabolites differ between healthy individuals and patients with T1DM. Specifically, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production, which contributes to intestinal barrier integrity and immune response regulation, is significantly reduced in patients with T1DM. Considering this correlation between intestinal microorganisms and T1DM, many studies have investigated the potential of intestinal microbiota in preventive and therapeutic strategies for T1DM.Objective: The aim of this review is to provide further support for the notion that intestinal microbiota contributes to the regulation of T1DM occurrence and development. In particular, this article reviews the involvement of the intestinal microbiota and the associated metabolites in T1DM pathogenesis, as well as recent studies on the involvement of the intestinal microbiota in T1DM prevention and treatment.Conclusion: Intestinal microbes and their metabolites contribute to T1DM occurrence and development and may become a potential target for novel therapeutics.Keywords: type 1 diabetes mellitus, intestinal microorganisms, intestinal microbiota, dysbiosis, metabolites, prevention and treatment
