Parallel pathogens: Coexistence of chickenpox and idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura—A case report

Abstract

Key Clinical Message This case report documents the unusual co‐occurrence of immune thrombocytopena (ITP) and chickenpox in a 15‐year‐old girl. Initial symptoms included shortness of breath, chest pain, and heavy menstrual bleeding. Laboratory results revealed significant anemia and thrombocytopenia. Treatment involved blood transfusions, prednisolone, and iron supplementation. The patient's vesicular skin rash emerged 8 weeks later, prompting the combined diagnosis of ITP and chickenpox. Antiviral treatments, blood transfusions, and supportive care were used in the course of treatment, leading to full recovery. This case emphasizes the importance of prompt diagnosis, appropriate management, and regular follow‐up for patients with both chickenpox and ITP. The coexistence of chickenpox and ITP poses a clinical challenge due to the complex interaction between the viral infection and the immune system. The exact mechanism linking these two conditions remains unclear, making it a baffling case that warrants investigation and further understanding. As low is the occurrence of hemorrhagic chickenpox, the presentation of simultaneous chicken pox with or following ITP was found to be rarer, and thus is this enigmatic case presented. Healthcare providers should remain vigilant about such co‐occurrences to prevent complications. In order to improve treatment for instances with comparable clinical presentations and advance our collective knowledge, further study is required to better understand the mechanisms relating viral infections and ITP.

Keywords

• chickenpox
• ITP
• purpura