Sustainable Ornamental Fish Aquaculture: The Implication of Microbial Feed Additives
Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar,
Francesca Maradonna,
Mehwish Faheem,
Ramasamy Harikrishnan,
Gunapathy Devi,
Einar Ringø,
Hien Van Doan,
Ghasem Ashouri,
Giorgia Gioacchini,
Oliana Carnevali
Affiliations
Seyed Hossein Hoseinifar
Department of Fisheries, Faculty of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan 49189-43464, Iran
Francesca Maradonna
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
Mehwish Faheem
Department of Zoology, Government College University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
Ramasamy Harikrishnan
Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa’s College for Men, Kanchipuram 631501, Tamil Nadu, India
Gunapathy Devi
Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti 621007, Tamil Nadu, India
Einar Ringø
Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, N9019 Tromsø, Norway
Hien Van Doan
Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Ghasem Ashouri
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
Giorgia Gioacchini
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
Oliana Carnevali
Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, 60131 Ancona, Italy
Ornamental fish trade represents an important economic sector with an export turnover that reached approximately 5 billion US dollars in 2018. Despite its high economic importance, this sector does not receive much attention. Ornamental fish husbandry still faces many challenges and losses caused by transport stress and handling and outbreak of diseases are still to be improved. This review will provide insights on ornamental fish diseases along with the measures used to avoid or limit their onset. Moreover, this review will discuss the role of different natural and sustainable microbial feed additives, particularly probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics on the health, reduction in transport stress, growth, and reproduction of farmed ornamental fish. Most importantly, this review aims to fill the informational gaps existing in advanced and sustainable practices in the ornamental fish production.
