Standardized structured report for Doppler duplex ultrasound of lower extremity venous insufficiency and thrombosis: a technical note

Abstract

A standardized structured Doppler duplex ultrasound (US) report format for lower extremity venous system assessment has not been previously described. This technical note proposes a standardized, structured report for a complete Doppler duplex US protocol for evaluating lower extremity venous insufficiency and thrombosis. The protocol begins in the upper abdomen with an assessment of the heart, the ostium of the inferior vena cava (IVC), the caval hiatus, the entire course of the IVC, the iliac veins on both sides, and the entire course of the superficial and deep, perforator, and reticular venous system of the lower extremities. The diameter, compressibility, permeability, competence, velocity, thrombosis, or endothelial thickening in the transverse plane with compression maneuvers, the Valsalva maneuver, respiratory variation, and augmentation of one or both lower extremities are described according to the referring physician’s request. Additional pathologic findings of varicose plexuses, incompetent perforating veins, thrombi, or surgical changes are reported. The proposed standardized structured report format, developed for educational purposes for radiologists and residents, is intended to improve accuracy and consistency of information. It also facilitates effective communication by providing relevant information to clinicians and patients.

Keywords

• Structured standardized report. Venous insufficiency. Duplex ultrasonography. Thrombosis.