Electrical impedance spectroscopy of plant cells in aqueous buffer media over a wide frequency range of 4 Hz to 20 GHz
Kian Kadan-Jamal,
Marios Sophocleous,
Aakash Jog,
Dayananda Desagani,
Orian Teig-Sussholz,
Julius Georgiou,
Adi Avni,
Yosi Shacham-Diamand
Affiliations
Kian Kadan-Jamal
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Corresponding author.
Marios Sophocleous
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, EMPHASIS Research Center, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus
Aakash Jog
Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
Dayananda Desagani
Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
Orian Teig-Sussholz
School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
Julius Georgiou
Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, EMPHASIS Research Center, University of Cyprus, Nicosia 1678, Cyprus
Adi Avni
School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
Yosi Shacham-Diamand
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Department of Physical Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel; Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab, India
Electrical impedance spectroscopy was performed on suspensions of plant cells in aqueous buffer media over a wide frequency range of 4 Hz to 20 GHz. Custom probes were designed, manufactured, and used for these investigations. Experiments were performed with a custom-made parallel plate probe and impedance analysers in the low-frequency range (4 Hz to 5 MHz), with a custom-made coaxial airline probe and a vector network analyser in the mid-frequency range (100 kHz to 3 GHz), and with a commercial open-ended probe and a vector network analyser in the high-frequency range (200 MHz to 20 GHz). The impedance data acquired were processed in order to eliminate the effects of parasitics and compensate for geometrical differences between the three probes. Following this, the data were fitted to a unified model consisting of the Randles and Debye models. The data were also normalized to a reference measurement, in order to accentuate the effects of cell concentration on the impedance of the suspensions. • The methodology allows for impedance spectroscopy of cell suspensions over a wide frequency range spanning 10 orders of magnitude. • It allows for compensation of parasitics and of geometrical variations between probes, using mathematical techniques
