Development of a Novel Structured Mesh-Type Pd/γ-Al₂O₃/Al Catalyst on Nitrobenzene Liquid-Phase Catalytic Hydrogenation Reactions

Abstract

Nitrobenzene liquid-phase catalytic hydrogenation is commonly regarded as one of the most effective technologies for aniline production. The traditional granular catalysts have the disadvantages that the reactor bed pressure drop is large and the mass transfer efficiency between gas and liquid phases is low. In this study, a novel structured mesh-type Pd/γ-Al2O3/Al catalyst was prepared by anodic oxidation and pore structures of γ-Al2O3/Al supports were constructed by acid pore-widening treatments. The results showed that acid pore-widening treatments can improve the pore size of γ-Al2O3/Al supports; the support with HNO3 pore-widening treatment exhibited the largest pore size, being enlarged from 3.7 nm to 4.6 nm. The Pd/γ-Al2O3/Al catalysts prepared with different acid pore-widening treatment supports contribute to the increased active metal Pd loading, more Pd0 content, and better dispersion of the Pd particles. The catalyst prepared with HNO3 pore-widening treatment support exhibited the largest active metal Pd loading, enlarging from 1.82% to 1.95%, the largest Pd0 content being enlarged from 52.1% to 58.5% and the smallest Pd particle size being reduced from 103 nm to 41 nm, resulting in the highest nitrobenzene conversion, increasing from 67.2% to 74.3%. Eventually, we calculated that the pressure drop of structured catalysts was 1/72 of that of granular catalysts, resulting in a better diffusion of the H2 through nitrobenzene solution to active sites on the catalyst surface and a significant increase in the catalytic activity.

Keywords

• structured mesh-type Pd/γ-Al₂O₃/Al catalyst
• nitrobenzene liquid-phase catalytic hydrogenation
• anodic oxidation technology
• acid pore-widening treatment