Effects of Goat Manure Fertilization on Grain Nutritional Value in Two Contrasting Quinoa (<i>Chenopodium quinoa</i> Willd.) Varieties Cultivated at High Altitudes
J. A. González,
Sawsan K. M. Yousif,
L. E. Erazzu,
L. Martínez Calsina,
E. F. Lizarraga,
Rihab M. Omer,
D. Bazile,
J. L. Fernandez-Turiel,
S. E. Buedo,
M. Rejas,
P. D. Fontana,
D. A. González,
A. Oviedo,
Fahad Mohammed Alzuaibr,
Salem Mesfer Al-Qahtani,
Nadi Awad Al-Harbi,
Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim,
C. P. Van Nieuwenhove
Affiliations
J. A. González
Instituto de Ecología, Comportamiento y Conservación, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, Tucumán 4000, Argentina
Sawsan K. M. Yousif
Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science in Baljurashi, Al-Baha University, Al Bahah 65528, Saudi Arabia
L. E. Erazzu
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Famaillá, Tucumán 4000, Argentina
L. Martínez Calsina
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Famaillá, Tucumán 4000, Argentina
E. F. Lizarraga
Instituto de Fisiología Animal, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, Tucumán 4000, Argentina
Rihab M. Omer
Department of Chemistry, College of Arts and Science in Baljurashi, Al-Baha University, Al Bahah 65528, Saudi Arabia
Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Famaillá, Tucumán 4000, Argentina
D. A. González
Instituto de Bioprospección y Fisiología Vegetal (INBIOFIV), CONICET-UNT, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Tucumán 4000, Argentina
A. Oviedo
Instituto de Fisiología Animal, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, Tucumán 4000, Argentina
Fahad Mohammed Alzuaibr
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
Salem Mesfer Al-Qahtani
Biology Department, University College of Tayma, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
Nadi Awad Al-Harbi
Biology Department, University College of Tayma, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim
Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
C. P. Van Nieuwenhove
Instituto de Fisiología Animal, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, Tucumán 4000, Argentina
In this study, the effects of goat manure fertilization (2, 4, 8, and 12 Tn/ha) on the grain yield, organic compounds, and mineral composition of two quinoa varieties (CICA-17 and Regalona Baer) were evaluated under field conditions in Northwest Argentina. The results indicate that fertilization improved the quinoa grain yield and total protein content. Low manure doses positively affected the fatty acid (FA) profile, and significant changes were determined for the monounsaturated (MUFA) and polyunsaturated (PUFA) fatty acid contents of CICA-17 and on the saturated fatty acid (SFA) contents of R. Baer seeds. The amino acid contents were positively affected in CICA-17 and negatively in R. Baer. Soluble sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose), major elements (K, Si, P, Mg, Ca, and Na), minor elements (Fe, Mn, Al, Zn, and Cu), and ultratrace elements (Cr and Li) were detected and discussed in terms of their impact on human nutrition and health. Conclusively, manure addition affected some essential amino acids, the desaturase activity, the n6:n3 and SFA/UFA ratios, the atherogenic index, soluble sugars, and mineral content, and the fatty acid metabolism of each variety was differently affected, especially the C16 and C18 desaturase activity, which responded differently to various manure doses. Manure addition is a promising alternative to improve the nutritional quality and functionality of quinoa grains, but the response is not linear.
