Detection of Polioviruses Type 2 among Migrant Children Arriving to the Russian Federation from a Country with a Registered Poliomyelitis Outbreak
Olga E. Ivanova,
Tatiana P. Eremeeva,
Olga Y. Baykova,
Alexandr Y. Krasota,
Elizaveta V. Yakovchuk,
Elena Y. Shustova,
Lyudmila P. Malyshkina,
Aida N.-I. Mustafina,
Yulia M. Mikhailova,
Alina V. Chirova,
Evgeniya A. Cherepanova,
Nadezhda S. Morozova,
Anna S. Gladkikh,
Anna S. Dolgova,
Vladimir G. Dedkov,
Areg A. Totolian,
Liubov I. Kozlovskaya
Affiliations
Olga E. Ivanova
Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution “Chumakov Federal Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (Institute of Poliomyelitis) (FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS”), 108819 Moscow, Russia
Tatiana P. Eremeeva
Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution “Chumakov Federal Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (Institute of Poliomyelitis) (FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS”), 108819 Moscow, Russia
Olga Y. Baykova
Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution “Chumakov Federal Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (Institute of Poliomyelitis) (FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS”), 108819 Moscow, Russia
Alexandr Y. Krasota
Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution “Chumakov Federal Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (Institute of Poliomyelitis) (FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS”), 108819 Moscow, Russia
Elizaveta V. Yakovchuk
Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution “Chumakov Federal Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (Institute of Poliomyelitis) (FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS”), 108819 Moscow, Russia
Elena Y. Shustova
Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution “Chumakov Federal Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (Institute of Poliomyelitis) (FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS”), 108819 Moscow, Russia
Lyudmila P. Malyshkina
Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution “Chumakov Federal Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (Institute of Poliomyelitis) (FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS”), 108819 Moscow, Russia
Aida N.-I. Mustafina
Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution “Chumakov Federal Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (Institute of Poliomyelitis) (FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS”), 108819 Moscow, Russia
Yulia M. Mikhailova
Federal Budgetary Health Institution “Federal Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology” of the Federal Office for Inspectorate in the Field of Customers and Human Well-Being Protection” (FBHI FCH&E), 117105 Moscow, Russia
Alina V. Chirova
Federal Budgetary Health Institution “Federal Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology” of the Federal Office for Inspectorate in the Field of Customers and Human Well-Being Protection” (FBHI FCH&E), 117105 Moscow, Russia
Evgeniya A. Cherepanova
Federal Budgetary Health Institution “Federal Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology” of the Federal Office for Inspectorate in the Field of Customers and Human Well-Being Protection” (FBHI FCH&E), 117105 Moscow, Russia
Nadezhda S. Morozova
Federal Budgetary Health Institution “Federal Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology” of the Federal Office for Inspectorate in the Field of Customers and Human Well-Being Protection” (FBHI FCH&E), 117105 Moscow, Russia
Anna S. Gladkikh
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Federal Service on Consumers’ Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Anna S. Dolgova
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Federal Service on Consumers’ Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Vladimir G. Dedkov
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Federal Service on Consumers’ Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Areg A. Totolian
Saint-Petersburg Pasteur Institute, Federal Service on Consumers’ Rights Protection and Human Well-Being Surveillance, 197101 Saint-Petersburg, Russia
Liubov I. Kozlovskaya
Federal State Autonomous Scientific Institution “Chumakov Federal Center for Research and Development of Immune-and-Biological Products of the Russian Academy of Sciences” (Institute of Poliomyelitis) (FSASI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS”), 108819 Moscow, Russia
The widespread use of the oral poliovaccine from Sabin strains (tOPV) radically reduced poliomyelitis incidence worldwide. However, OPV became a source of neurovirulent vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs). Currently, circulating type 2 VDPVs (cVDPV2) are the leading cause of poliomyelitis. The novel OPV type 2 vaccine (nOPV2), based on genetically modified Sabin strain with increased genetic stability and reduced risk of cVDPV formation, has been used to combat cVDPV2 outbreaks, including one in Tajikistan in 2021. In order to identify the importation of cVDPV2 and nOPV2-derivates, stool samples from 12,127 healthy migrant children under 5 years of age arriving from Tajikistan were examined in Russia (March 2021–April 2022). Viruses were isolated in cell culture and identified via intratype differentiation RT-PCR, VP1 and whole-genome sequencing. cVDPV2 isolates closely related with the Tajikistan one were isolated from two children, and nOPV2-derived viruses were detected in specimens from 106 children from 37 regions of Russia. The duration of nOPV2 excretion ranged from 24 to 124 days post-vaccination. nOPV2 isolates contained 27 mutations per genome (0.36%) on average, with no critical genetic changes, which confirms the genetic stability of nOPV2 during field use. The possibility of epidemiologically significant poliovirus introduction into polio-free countries has been confirmed. The screening of special populations, including migrants, is required to maintain epidemiological well-being.
