The impact of natural factors and the interaction of anthropogenic resources on the productivity and energy potential of grasslands

Abstract

The role of natural factors and the interaction of anthropogenic resources with them was researched. The meadow agroecosystems based on income balance, accumulation, and expenditure of energy yield were assessed. The study has been carried out during 2011-2015 at the long-term (47 years) field experiment of the Institute of Agriculture of the Carpathian region, which includes permanent and temporary grasslands. The dry matter (DM) yield and energy yield (EY) of permanent grassland, mainly depend on mineral fertilization. Application of NPK which includes 60 kg P per ha, 90 kg K per ha, and 90 kg N per ha promotes the acquisition of 8.22 t/ha DM with 155.4 GJ/ha EY. The sum of energy yield from the aboveground mass (71.5 GJ/ha), the root (65.9 GJ/ha) and the soil energy (112.7 GJ/ha) is 250.1 GJ/ha. Production of gross energy is 260.1 GJ/ha from this grassland. The use of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, lime and growth enhancer has a positive impact on the DM yield, soil fertility, and EY of temporary legume-grass grasslands. This combined fertilizer yields 6.65 t/ha DM and 260.3 GJ/ha of EY. Grasslands for the accumulation of total EY used 91-96% of energy from renewable, that is, natural factors provide a positive balance of energy in the Earth biosphere processes.

Keywords

• grass
• legume
• fertilizer
• yield
• energy