13C-metabolic flux analysis of ethanol-assimilating Saccharomyces cerevisiae for S-adenosyl-l-methionine production

Abstract

Abstract Background Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a host for the industrial production of S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM), which has been widely used in pharmaceutical and nutritional supplement industries. It has been reported that the intracellular SAM content in S. cerevisiae can be improved by the addition of ethanol during cultivation. However, the metabolic state in ethanol-assimilating S. cerevisiae remains unclear. In this study, 13C-metabolic flux analysis (13C-MFA) was conducted to investigate the metabolic regulation responsible for the high SAM production from ethanol. Results The comparison between the metabolic flux distributions of central carbon metabolism showed that the metabolic flux levels of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and glyoxylate shunt in the ethanol culture were significantly higher than that of glucose. Estimates of the ATP balance from the 13C-MFA data suggested that larger amounts of excess ATP was produced from ethanol via increased oxidative phosphorylation. The finding was confirmed by the intracellular ATP level under ethanol-assimilating condition being similarly higher than glucose. Conclusions These results suggest that the enhanced ATP regeneration due to ethanol assimilation was critical for the high SAM accumulation.

Keywords

• Saccharomyces cerevisiae
• 13C-based metabolic flux analysis
• Ethanol metabolism
• Central carbon metabolism
• Redox balance