Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota Contributes to the Development of Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Abstract. Accumulating evidence has revealed that the composition of gut microbiota in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) varies compared to those with healthy controls. The abnormal production and releases of metabolites derived from microbiota into the blood circulation contribute to the development of DM through the activation of multiple metabolic pathways, including trimethylamine N-oxide, short-chain fatty acids, lipopolysaccharide, aromatic amino acids, and their related metabolites. Therefore, the modulation of gut microbiota through dietary intervention, probiotics, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation could be a potential therapeutic approach for DM. This review mainly summarized the complicated interactions of gut microbiota through its metabolites with DM.