Photonics
(Oct 2024)
Design and Characteristics of Photonic Crystal Resonators for Surface-Emitting Quantum Cascade Lasers
Kazuaki Sakoda,
Yuanzhao Yao,
Naoki Ikeda,
Yoshimasa Sugimoto,
Takaaki Mano,
Takashi Kuroda,
Hirotaka Tanimura,
Shigeyuki Takagi,
Rei Hashimoto,
Kei Kaneko,
Tsutomu Kakuno,
Shinji Ohkuma,
Ryuichi Togawa,
Tetsuya Miyagawa,
Hiroshi Ohno,
Shinji Saito
Affiliations
Kazuaki Sakoda
Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
Yuanzhao Yao
Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
Naoki Ikeda
Research Network and Facility Service Division, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
Yoshimasa Sugimoto
Research Network and Facility Service Division, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0047, Japan
Takaaki Mano
Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
Takashi Kuroda
Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Japan
Hirotaka Tanimura
School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji 192-0982, Japan
Shigeyuki Takagi
School of Engineering, Tokyo University of Technology, Hachioji 192-0982, Japan
Rei Hashimoto
Corporate Manufacturing Engineering Center, Toshiba Corporation, Yokohama 235-0017, Japan
Kei Kaneko
Corporate Manufacturing Engineering Center, Toshiba Corporation, Yokohama 235-0017, Japan
Tsutomu Kakuno
Corporate Manufacturing Engineering Center, Toshiba Corporation, Yokohama 235-0017, Japan
Shinji Ohkuma
Corporate Manufacturing Engineering Center, Toshiba Corporation, Yokohama 235-0017, Japan
Ryuichi Togawa
Corporate Manufacturing Engineering Center, Toshiba Corporation, Yokohama 235-0017, Japan
Tetsuya Miyagawa
Corporate Manufacturing Engineering Center, Toshiba Corporation, Yokohama 235-0017, Japan
Hiroshi Ohno
Corporate Manufacturing Engineering Center, Toshiba Corporation, Yokohama 235-0017, Japan
Shinji Saito
Corporate Manufacturing Engineering Center, Toshiba Corporation, Yokohama 235-0017, Japan
DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics11111024
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 11,
no. 11
Abstract
Read online
We present our recent development of the surface-emitting quantum cascade laser with a PC (photonic crystal) resonator and a strain-compensated MQW (multiple quantum well) active layer operating at around 4.3 μm. We describe the laser performance mainly from the viewpoint of the design and analysis of the PC resonators, which include both numerical calculations by FEM (finite element method) and analytical calculations using the k·p perturbation theory and group theory. We analyze the resonance quality factor, overlap factor, extraction efficiency, and far-field pattern, and show how the output power and beam quality have been improved by the appropriate design of the PC resonator.
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