National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United States; Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, United States
National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States; Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
The orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is necessary for inferring value in tests of model-based reasoning, including in sensory preconditioning. This involvement could be accounted for by representation of value or by representation of broader associative structure. We recently reported neural correlates of such broader associative structure in OFC during the initial phase of sensory preconditioning (Sadacca et al., 2018). Here, we used optogenetic inhibition of OFC to test whether these correlates might be necessary for value inference during later probe testing. We found that inhibition of OFC during cue-cue learning abolished value inference during the probe test, inference subsequently shown in control rats to be sensitive to devaluation of the expected reward. These results demonstrate that OFC must be online during cue-cue learning, consistent with the argument that the correlates previously observed are not simply downstream readouts of sensory processing and instead contribute to building the associative model supporting later behavior.
