Emissions of Ozone Precursors from a Biogenic Source and Port-related Sources in the Largest Port City of Busan, Korea

Abstract

The emissions of ozone precursors, NOx and VOCs from a biogenic source and port-related sources (ship, shipping container truck, and cargo handling equipment) were estimated in Busan during 2013. Total biogenic isoprene emission in Busan during 2013 was estimated to be 4,434 ton yr-1 with the highest emission (e.g., 28 ton day-1) in summer using a BEIS method. Seasonal ozone production rates by isoprene ranged from 0.15 (winter) to 2.08 (summer) ppb hr-1, contributing the predominant portion to ambient ozone levels. Total emissions of NOx and VOCs from ship traversing Busan ports were estimated to be 29,537 and 814 ton yr-1, respectively, showing the significant contribution to total NOx emission in Busan. The emissions of ozone precursors were significantly different depending on ship tonnage and port location. Compared to the ship emission, the emissions of NOx and VOCs from the shipping container trucks in Busan were insignificant (2.9% for NOx and 3.9% for VOCs). Total NOx and VOCs emissions from the cargo handling equipment were estimated to be 1,440 and 133 ton yr-1, respectively with the predominance of yard tractors.

Keywords

• biogenic emission
• ozone
• ship
• container truck
• cargo handling equipment
• busan