Evaluation of the ecological efficiency of soil cultivation machines with innovative dynamic working bodies

Abstract

The research results are related to the problem of enhancing the environmental safety of technical means in crop production. A research object is a tillage machine with standard and innovative dynamic working bodies. The research is aimed to a comparative ecological assessment of the efficiency of using typical and dynamic working bodies for surface tillage. The scientific novelty is represented by the regularities of changes in resistivity per unit of active frontal area of the investigated working bodies, inertia force and total kinetic energy, per hectare fuel consumption, fuel economy and reduction of emissions of toxic components at different speed modes of operation of the tillage unit. During the research, the methods of experimental research in the field, analysis and generalization of experimental data were used. It has been established that the resistivity per unit of active frontal area of a dynamic tillage working body with an energy-storage transmission mechanism within the range of speed variation from 2.22 to 3.33 m/s decreases by 33-41% in comparison with a typical working body. With an increase in the speed of the tillage unit with standard working bodies from 2.22 to 3.33 m/s, the fuel consumption increases from 5.12 to 9.21 kg/ha. Within these limits of the speed of the tillage unit with dynamic tillage working bodies and energy-accumulating transmission mechanisms, the per hectare fuel consumption increases from 4.81 to 8.30 kg. The use of dynamic working bodies on the tillage machine allows to save from 0.310 to 0.910 kg of fuel per 1 ha. Herewith, the decrease in the level of emissions of toxic components is 6-10%, which ensures a decrease in the environmental load of soil-cultivating units during the cultivation of crop products.