Remediation of lead toxicity with waste-bio materials from aqueous solutions in fixed-bed column using response surface methodology
Aanisa Manzoor Shah,
Inayat Mustafa Khan,
Zhenjie Du,
Rehana Rasool,
Raihana Habib Kant,
Shakeel Mir,
Tahir A. Sheikh,
Fehim Jeelani Wani,
M. Ayoub Bhat,
Javid A. Bhat,
M.H. Chesti,
Mumtaz A. Ganie,
Yasir Hanif Mir,
Tsering Dolker,
Sulaiman Ali Alharbi,
Tahani Awad Alahmadi,
Shafeeq Ur Rahman
Affiliations
Aanisa Manzoor Shah
Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453002, China; Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, Wadura, 193201, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Inayat Mustafa Khan
Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, Wadura, 193201, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Zhenjie Du
Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, 453002, China; Corresponding author.
Rehana Rasool
Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, Wadura, 193201, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Raihana Habib Kant
Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, Wadura, 193201, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Shakeel Mir
Division of Soil Science, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, Shalimar, 190025, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Tahir A. Sheikh
Division of Agronomy, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, Wadura, 193201, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Fehim Jeelani Wani
Division of Agricultural Economics and Statistics, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, Wadura, 193201, Jammu and Kashmir, India
M. Ayoub Bhat
Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, Wadura, 193201, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Javid A. Bhat
Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, Wadura, 193201, Jammu and Kashmir, India
M.H. Chesti
Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, Wadura, 193201, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Mumtaz A. Ganie
Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, Wadura, 193201, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Yasir Hanif Mir
Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, Wadura, 193201, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Tsering Dolker
Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology-Kashmir, Wadura, 193201, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Sulaiman Ali Alharbi
Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
Tahani Awad Alahmadi
Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine and King Khalid University Hospital, King Saud University, Medical City, PO Box-2925, Riyadh, 11461, Saudi Arabia
Shafeeq Ur Rahman
Water Science and Environmental Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Corresponding author.
Heavy metal ions pose significant risks to human health, pelagic, and several other life forms due to perniciousness, tendency to accumulate, and resistance to biodegradation. Waste bio-materials extend a budding alternative as low-cost adsorbent to address the removal of noxious pollutants from wastewater on account of being cost-effective and exhibiting exceptional adsorption capacities. The current exploration was accomplished to gauge the performance of raw and modified human hair concerning lead scavenging in a down-flow fixed bed column. The appraisal of column performance under varying operational parameters encompassing bed height (15–45 cm), influent metal ion concentration (60–140 mg L−1), and a solution flow rate (20–40 mL min−1) was performed by breakthrough curve analysis. The consequences acquired were evaluated using the Yoon Nelson, Thomas, Adam-Bohart, and Bed Depth Service Time (BDST) model. Among these employed models, Bed Depth Service Time (BDST) and Thomas models exhibited the highest R-squared value compared to the Yoon Nelson and Adam-Bohart's model for most cases. In addition, the optimization of lead adsorption was followed using the Box-Behnken design of response surface methodology (RSM). The optimal conditions (desirability-1.00) for achieving a goal of maximum percent removal of lead ions were marked to be a bed height of 42.79 cm, solution flow rate of 20.92 mL min−1, and an initial metal concentration of 139.51 mg L−1. Under these optimized conditions, the percent amputation of lead in a fixed bed was observed to be 82.31 %, while the results of the experiment performed approximately under these optimized conditions revealed a percent removal of 85.05 %, reflecting a reasonable conformity with values acquired through Box-Behnken design.
