Changes in systolic blood pressure in dogs with pituitary dependent hyperadrenocorticism during the first year of trilostane treatment

Abstract

Abstract Background Systemic hypertension (SH) is common in dogs and humans with hypercortisolism and can persist after treatment. Objectives To evaluate changes in prevalence of SH and systolic blood pressure (SBP) in dogs with pituitary‐dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH) during the first year of trilostane treatment, its relationship with disease control and selected laboratory variables, and their response to antihypertensive treatment. Animals Fifty‐one dogs with PDH treated with trilostane Q12h. Methods Prospective case series study. Dogs were evaluated at diagnosis (T0) and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months (T12). Dogs were classified as nonhypertensive (SBP < 160 mm Hg) or hypertensive (SBP≥160 mm Hg) and subclassified according to target organ damage (TOD) risk. Hypertensive dogs were treated with benazepril and, if control of SH was not achieved, amlodipine was added. Results Prevalence of SH decreased from T0 (36/51) to T12 (17/37; P = .01). Changes in SBP during the study were influenced by the risk of TOD at T0. In severely hypertensive (SBP ≥ 180 mm Hg) dogs, the decrease in SBP was more pronounced whereas in normotensive (SBP < 140 mm Hg) dogs SBP increased slightly (P = .00). Blood pressure was not associated with disease control. Antihypertensive treatment was needed in 31/51 dogs, and in 13/31 dogs additional SH control with amlodipine was required. One third of nonhypertensive dogs at T0 required treatment with benazepril because SH developed during follow‐up. Conclusions and Clinical Importance In dogs with PDH, SBP should be measured at every visit, regardless of disease control or SBP at diagnosis. More than 1 drug may be necessary to manage SH in affected dogs.

Keywords

• angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors
• benazepril
• canine
• cortisol
• Cushing's
• hypertension