Zernovì Produkti ì Kombìkorma (Jun 2024)
AMARANTH: PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES OF PROCESSING
Abstract
Amaranth is one of the ancient, so-called pseudo-cereal crops, the first mentions of it date back more than 8,000 years. Despite the sufficiently high study of amaranth and its wide distribution, according to the volume of its cultivation, it can be classified either as a niche crop or as a special purpose crop. Amaranth can be attributed to small-seeded grain crops, the grain has a rounded lenticular, oval-rounded shape with a diameter of 0.9 to 1.7 mm, the weight of 1000 grains is in the range of 0.6 to 1.1 g. Amaranth grains can be white, red, golden, black, or brown in color, with the white grain having the highest manufacturability. In Ukraine, up to 50 enterprises are engaged in the processing of amaranth, while receiving oil, cereals, flakes and flour, but at the moment, despite the high usefulness of these products, a permanent circle of its consumers has not yet been formed in our country, which in turn affects the volume of amaranth cultivation and volumes of its processing into food products. 15 varieties of amaranth are included in the register of plant varieties suitable for distribution on the territory of Ukraine, among which seven varieties are intended for grain. Sterkh, the forage amaranth variety, was the first to enter the Register... in 1994. In the following year, 1998, three amaranth varieties Atstek and Ul'tra and Kremovyi rannii were registered. It should be noted that the first two varieties are grain requirements according to the recommendations of the Register..., and the Kremovyi rannii variety is a fodder variety. In 1999, two more grain varieties of amaranth, Orkhideia and Polischuk, were registered. In 2000, the grain requirements variety Zhaivir was registered. In 2003, the Liera and Sem grain requirements varieties were registered, and in 2009, the Students'kyi variety. Indirectly, amaranth can be characterized by a mass fraction of protein up to 19%, fat up to 9%, carbohydrates up to 60 %, fiber up to 4 %, ash up to 3 %. An impeding factor in increasing the volume of amaranth grain processing is the lack of approved regulations and the lack of enterprises with the appropriate understanding of how to effectively clean amaranth grain from impurities, carry out dehulling, sorting of dehulling products and, most importantly, what kind of product range to produce. All this stops the wide spread of this crop in our country and, accordingly, amaranth products are not widely distributed compared to other traditional crops and are not well known to the domestic consumer.
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