Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from <i>C. vulgaris</i> Biomass Using Deep Eutectic Solvents
Maria Myrto Dardavila,
Sofia Pappou,
Maria G. Savvidou,
Vasiliki Louli,
Petros Katapodis,
Haralambos Stamatis,
Kostis Magoulas,
Epaminondas Voutsas
Affiliations
Maria Myrto Dardavila
Laboratory of Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena, Zografou Campus, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., 15780 Athens, Greece
Sofia Pappou
Laboratory of Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena, Zografou Campus, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., 15780 Athens, Greece
Maria G. Savvidou
Laboratory of Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena, Zografou Campus, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., 15780 Athens, Greece
Vasiliki Louli
Laboratory of Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena, Zografou Campus, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., 15780 Athens, Greece
Petros Katapodis
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
Haralambos Stamatis
Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Biological Applications and Technologies, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
Kostis Magoulas
Laboratory of Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena, Zografou Campus, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., 15780 Athens, Greece
Epaminondas Voutsas
Laboratory of Thermodynamics and Transport Phenomena, Zografou Campus, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9 Iroon Polytechniou Str., 15780 Athens, Greece
C. vulgaris microalgae biomass was employed for the extraction of valuable bioactive compounds with deep eutectic-based solvents (DESs). Particularly, the Choline Chloride (ChCl) based DESs, ChCl:1,2 butanediol (1:4), ChCl:ethylene glycol (1:2), and ChCl:glycerol (1:2) mixed with water at 70/30 w/w ratio were used for that purpose. The extracts’ total carotenoid (TCC) and phenolic contents (TPC), as well as their antioxidant activity (IC50), were determined within the process of identification of the most efficient solvent. This screening procedure revealed ChCl:1,2 butanediol (1:4)/H2O 70/30 w/w as the most compelling solvent; thus, it was employed thereafter for the extraction process optimization. Three extraction parameters, i.e., solvent-to-biomass ratio, temperature, and time were studied regarding their impact on the extract’s TCC, TPC, and IC50. For the experimental design and process optimization, the statistical tool Response Surface Methodology was used. The resulting models’ predictive capacity was confirmed experimentally by carrying out two additional extractions under conditions different from the experimental design.
