مجله دانشکده پزشکی اصفهان (Sep 2014)
Anticancer Effects of Palladium Complexes of Dithiocarbamate Derivatives on Esophageal Cancer Cell Line (KEYSE-30)
Abstract
Background: Surgery, radiation therapy, drug therapy or a combination of these methods can be used for the treatment of malignancies. Drug therapy in cancer includes chemotherapy, biotherapy and use of monoclonal antibodies against antigens of malignant cells. Heavy metal complexes are of the compounds used as drugs in chemotherapy against malignant cells. The present study aimed to assess the effects of new anticancer palladium complexes on esophageal cancer cells. Methods: New palladium complexes, namely [(phen) Pd (µ-al-bis-dtc) Pd (phen)] (NO3)2 (where alkylenebisdithiocarbamate, al-bis-dtc = propylenebisdithiocarbamate (pn-bis-dtc, 1); butylenebisdithiocarbamate (bu-bis-dtc, 2); octylenebis- dithiocarbamate (oc-bis-dtc, 3) and phen=1,10-phenanthroline) was synthesized in the laboratory of Chemistry, University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran. To investigate the anticancer effects of three new complexes compared to cisplatin on esophageal cancer cell line (KYSE-30), cytotoxicity was examined through MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] and clonogenic assays. Ethidium bromide/acridine orange (EB/AO) staining was used for apoptotic and necrotic cells detection. Findings: The results of MTT and clonogenic assays showed that the IC50 value obtained from cells treated with complexes 1, 2 and 3 were much lower than cisplatin and also ethidium bromide/acridine orange staining demonstrated that three new complexes applied its cytotoxic effect via apoptotic pathway. Comparing the number of colonies formed after treatment with various concentrations of palladium complexes showed significant differences compared with control (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Findings of this study showed that anti-tumor effect of three new complexes on KYSE-30 cell line were higher than that of cisplatin. And, even the use of low concentrations of palladium complexes can reduce the number of colonies and induce cell death by apoptosis. With further researches later, it can be used as an alternative drug in the treatment of esophageal cancer.
