Developing zinc oxide and peanut shell-derived carbon star-shaped composite materials for effective photo-antibacterial treatment
Fasih Bintang Ilhami,
Fitriana,
Tjandrawati Mozef,
Muh Nur Khoiru Wihadi,
Munasir,
Mufidatul Khasanah,
Nugrahani Primary Putri,
Diah Hari Kusumawati,
Chen-Yu Kao,
Dong-Hau Kuo,
Noto Susanto Gultom
Affiliations
Fasih Bintang Ilhami
Department of Natural Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, 60231, Indonesia; Corresponding author. Department of Natural Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, 60231, Indonesia
Fitriana
Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, 60231, Indonesia
Tjandrawati Mozef
Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Inovation Agency, Tangerang Selatan, 15314, Indonesia
Muh Nur Khoiru Wihadi
Research Center for Chemistry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Republik Indonesia, Kawasan Sains dan Teknologi (KST) B. J. Habibie, Tangerang Selatan, 15311, Indonesia
Munasir
Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, 60231, Indonesia
Mufidatul Khasanah
Department of Natural Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, 60231, Indonesia
Nugrahani Primary Putri
Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, 60231, Indonesia
Diah Hari Kusumawati
Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Surabaya, Surabaya, 60231, Indonesia
Chen-Yu Kao
Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
Dong-Hau Kuo
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan
Noto Susanto Gultom
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan; Department of Physics, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, 45363, Indonesia; Corresponding author. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.43, Sec. 4, Keelung Road, Taipei, 10607, Taiwan.
The development of new carbon-based materials using natural biowaste for biomedical applications has remained a significant challenge in the past decades. In this study, we successfully synthesized and characterized composite materials made from peanut shell-derived carbon (PNS–C) decorated on ZnO that formed star-shaped particles via a simple hydrothermal technique. The as-prepared composites possess several advantages, including unique optical properties and high photostability. We evaluate the antibacterial performance against Escherichia coli, a gram-negative bacterium and Staphylococcus aureus, a gram-positive bacterium, under irradiated and non-irradiated conditions. Interestingly, the photo-antibacterial activities of ZnO/PNS-C composites showed great inhibition of bacterial growth as compared to pure ZnO. Moreover, significant disruptions in cellular activities occur when the composites make direct contact with the bacterial cell wall. The electrons and holes produced by excitation in composites provide a pronounced deactivating effect on bacterial activity. In addition, ZnO/PNS-C composites are highly biocompatible with normal cells. Thus, these newly developed composites made from a natural biowaste system with an affordable price, abundance, and non-toxicity could provide a potentially environmentally friendly and fruitful route for antibacterial therapy in future applications.
