Animals (May 2023)

Creation of Three-Dimensional Anatomical Vascular and Biliary Models for the Study of the Feline Liver (<i>Felis silvestris catus</i> L.): A Comparative CT, Volume Rendering (Vr), Cast and 3D Printing Study

  • Daniel Rojo Ríos,
  • Gregorio Ramírez Zarzosa,
  • Marta Soler Laguía,
  • David Kilroy,
  • Francisco Martínez Gomariz,
  • Cayetano Sánchez Collado,
  • Francisco Gil Cano,
  • María I. García García,
  • José Raduán Jáber,
  • Alberto Arencibia Espinosa

DOI
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13101573
Journal volume & issue
Vol. 13, no. 10
p. 1573

Abstract

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In this study, six adult feline cadavers were examined using CTA, 3D printing, and casts injected with epoxy. The aorta, the portal vein, and the gallbladder of 3 feline cadavers were separately injected with a 50% mixture of colored vulcanized latex and hydrated barium sulfate as contrast medium to analyze by CT the arterial, venous and biliary systems. The other three cadavers were injected with a mixture of epoxy resin in the aorta, gallbladder and hepatic veins, separately. After the corrosion and washing process, hepatic vascular and biliary casts were obtained. The images obtained by CT showed the vascular and biliary system using a soft tissue window. For the identification of vascular and biliary structures, the 3D prints together with the 3D reconstructions were analyzed, and the results were compared with the casts obtained with epoxy resin. Each of the arterial, venous and biliary branches associated with each of the liver lobes were identified with the help of the printings. In conclusion, the creation of 3D prototypes of nonpathological feline hepatic parenchyma can be used in the veterinary clinic as a basis for the detection of pathological problems in addition to obtaining future pathological hepatic 3D models.

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