Algorithm for pediatric orbital blowout fractures: a 20-year retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Objective: Pediatric orbital blowout fractures can include pathologies that seem mild but require urgent release; serious sequelae can occur with standby surgery or conservative treatment. We sought to validate an algorithm for the treatment of pediatric orbital blowout fractures. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 61 pediatric patients, aged 18 years or younger, treated for pure orbital blowout fractures according to the algorithm from April 1, 2000, to August 31, 2020, at the Japanese Red Cross Asahikawa Hospital. Results: There were 52 males (85%). Median age was 14 years (range, 5–18 years). There were 9 patients categorized as needing urgent release, 16 as needing repair, and 36 as needing conservative treatment. Mean follow-up ocular movement was 98.0 (95% Confidence Interval [95% CI], 96.8–99.2). Postoperative diplopia was not observed in 96% (79.6%–99.9%) of patients, better than in previous studies. A higher proportion of patients aged 0–12 years needed urgent repair than those aged 13–18 years (Odds Ratio [OR] = 14.2; 95% CI 1.6–683.4; p = 0.0046). There were no differences in Hess area ratio by age group. Conclusion: Clinical results with the algorithm were satisfactory. The algorithm is suitable for treatment of pediatric orbital blowout fractures. Level of evidence: 4.

Keywords

• Linear type fracture
• Missing rectus
• Oculocardiac reflex
• Hess area ratio
• Diplopia