Analysis of Mannose‐Binding Lectin Protein and mRNA Levels on Selected Chicken Breeds in South Africa

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background Mannose‐binding lectin (MBL) is a key component of the innate immune system that plays a crucial role in binding to the microbial sugar surface to recognize and eliminate pathogens by activating the complement system. Objective To detect and quantify the MBL protein concentration and chicken MBL expression in selected chicken breeds in South Africa. Methods Forty‐five blood samples from three indigenous chicken breeds, Ovambo (OV = 9), Venda (VD = 9) and Potchefstroom Koekoek (PK = 9), and two exotic chicken breeds, Rhode Island Red (RIR = 9) and Lohmann Brown (LB = 9), were used for MBL protein concentration using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) techniques. Also 20 liver samples from symptomatic two indigenous chicken breeds, OV (5) and PK (5), and two exotic chicken breeds, RIR (5) and LB (5), were used for MBL expression using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) techniques. A general linear model was done using Tukey's multiple comparison post hoc test. Results The findings revealed MBL protein concentration from 5.26 to 18.56 µg/mL. The LB breed had the lowest mean 6.40 ± 0.80 µg/mL, whereas the PK breed had the highest mean MBL concentration of 17.70 ± 0.24 µg/mL of MBL protein concentration. At 12, 25 and 35 weeks, the MBL proteins of OV, VD, PK, RIR and LB varied significantly at p ≤ 0.05. The mRNA MBL expression of OV and LB breeds showed a 1‐fold decrease in MBL expression, while RIR showed a 2‐fold increase in MBL expression, and the PK showed more than a 3‐fold increase in MBL expression relative to the control. The least‐squares means for OV, LB, PK and RIR mRNA MBL expression were 0.54 ± 0.19, 0.68 ± 0.30, 4.46 ± 2.76 and 2.89 ± 0.19 µg/mL, respectively. Conclusion MBL protein was detected and quantified with distinct differences in concentration and expression levels at the presence of mycoplasma gallisepticum among the sampled South African chicken breeds. This highlights the genetic diversity of MBL as a tool for disease prevention in South African chicken breeds.

Keywords

• chicken innate system
• immune response
• mannose‐binding lectin (MBL) detection
• mannose‐binding lectin (MBL) expression
• pathogens
• poultry production