Physics Letters B (Sep 2024)
Nuclear charge radii of germanium isotopes around N = 40
- S.J. Wang,
- A. Kanellakopoulos,
- X.F. Yang,
- S.W. Bai,
- J. Billowes,
- M.L. Bissell,
- K. Blaum,
- B. Cheal,
- C.S. Devlin,
- R.F. Garcia Ruiz,
- J.Z. Han,
- H. Heylen,
- S. Kaufmann,
- K. König,
- Á. Koszorús,
- S. Lechner,
- S. Malbrunot-Ettenauer,
- W. Nazarewicz,
- R. Neugart,
- G. Neyens,
- W. Nörtershäuser,
- T. Ratajczyk,
- P.-G. Reinhard,
- L.V. Rodríguez,
- S. Sels,
- L. Xie,
- Z.Y. Xu,
- D.T. Yordanov,
- Y.M. Yu
Affiliations
- S.J. Wang
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- A. Kanellakopoulos
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- X.F. Yang
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; Corresponding author at: School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
- S.W. Bai
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- J. Billowes
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- M.L. Bissell
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- K. Blaum
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
- B. Cheal
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, Oxford Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
- C.S. Devlin
- Oliver Lodge Laboratory, Oxford Street, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, L69 7ZE, United Kingdom
- R.F. Garcia Ruiz
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA; Experimental Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- J.Z. Han
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Measurement Technology and Instruments, Key Laboratory of Photon Measurement and Control Technology of Ministry of Education, Department of Precision Instrument, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- H. Heylen
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- S. Kaufmann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Department of Physics, TU Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany; Institut für Kernchemie, Universität Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- K. König
- Institut für Kernphysik, Department of Physics, TU Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- Á. Koszorús
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- S. Lechner
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland; Technische Universität Wien, Karlsplatz 13, AT-1040 Wien, Austria
- S. Malbrunot-Ettenauer
- Experimental Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- W. Nazarewicz
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and FRIB Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
- R. Neugart
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Institut für Kernchemie, Universität Mainz, D-55128 Mainz, Germany
- G. Neyens
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; Experimental Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- W. Nörtershäuser
- Institut für Kernphysik, Department of Physics, TU Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- T. Ratajczyk
- Institut für Kernphysik, Department of Physics, TU Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- P.-G. Reinhard
- Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- L.V. Rodríguez
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany; Experimental Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- S. Sels
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium; Experimental Physics Department, CERN, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland
- L. Xie
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
- Z.Y. Xu
- KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- D.T. Yordanov
- Institute de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS-IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91406 Orsay, France
- Y.M. Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Journal volume & issue
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Vol. 856
p. 138867
Abstract
Collinear laser spectroscopy measurements were performed on 68−74Ge isotopes (Z=32) at ISOLDE-CERN, by probing the 4s24p2P13→4s24p5sP1o3 atomic transition (269 nm) of germanium. Nuclear charge radii are determined via the measured isotope shifts, revealing a larger local variation than the neighboring isotopic chains. Nuclear density functional theory with the Fayans functionals Fy(Δr,HFB) and Fy(IVP), and the SV-min Skyrme describes the experimental data for the differential charge radii δ〈r2〉 and charge radii Rc within the theoretical uncertainties. The observed large variation in the charge radii of germanium isotopes is better accounted for by theoretical models incorporating ground state quadrupole correlations. This suggests that the polarization effects due to pairing and deformation contribute to the observed large odd-even staggering in the charge radii of the Ge isotopic chain.
