Pathology and molecular detection of influenza Asubtype H9N2 virus in commercial poultry in Nigeria, 2024

Olatunde Babatunde Akanbi; Olugbenga Olayinka Alaka; Olanrewaju Samuel Olaifa; Clement A. Meseko; Bitrus Inuwa; Obokparo Godspower Ohore; Monsuru Tijani; Theophilus Jarikre; Olawale Ola; Christianah Odita; James Saidu Ahmed; Olusegun Fagbohun; Daniel Oluwayelu; Olufemi B. Daodu; Omolade Oladele; James Olapade; Olusegun Taiwo; Maryam Muhammad

doi:10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.26

Open Veterinary Journal (Sep 2024)

Pathology and molecular detection of influenza Asubtype H9N2 virus in commercial poultry in Nigeria, 2024

Olatunde Babatunde Akanbi,
Olugbenga Olayinka Alaka,
Olanrewaju Samuel Olaifa,
Clement A. Meseko,
Bitrus Inuwa,
Obokparo Godspower Ohore,
Monsuru Tijani,
Theophilus Jarikre,
Olawale Ola,
Christianah Odita,
James Saidu Ahmed,
Olusegun Fagbohun,
Daniel Oluwayelu,
Olufemi B. Daodu,
Omolade Oladele,
James Olapade,
Olusegun Taiwo,
Maryam Muhammad

Affiliations

Olatunde Babatunde Akanbi: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Olugbenga Olayinka Alaka: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Olanrewaju Samuel Olaifa: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Clement A. Meseko: Regional Laboratory for Animal Influenza and Transboundary Animal Diseases Division, Infectious and Transboundary Animal Diseases Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
Bitrus Inuwa: Regional Laboratory for Animal Influenza and Transboundary Animal Diseases Division, Infectious and Transboundary Animal Diseases Department, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria
Obokparo Godspower Ohore: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Monsuru Tijani: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Theophilus Jarikre: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Olawale Ola: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Christianah Odita: Diagnostic Department, Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine Division and Pathology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
James Saidu Ahmed: Diagnostic Department, Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine Division and Pathology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.
Olusegun Fagbohun: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Daniel Oluwayelu: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Olufemi B. Daodu: Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria.
Omolade Oladele: Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
James Olapade: Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Olusegun Taiwo: Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Maryam Muhammad: Diagnostic Department, Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine Division and Pathology Division, National Veterinary Research Institute, Vom, Plateau State, Nigeria.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/OVJ.2024.v14.i9.26
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 14, no. 9
pp. 2381 – 2391

Abstract

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Background: After the first Avian Influenza H5N1 outbreak in Nigerian poultry in 2006, subsequent waves of outbreaks occurred, causing substantial losses. Despite effective control measures by 2008, a resurgence in 2015 led to further losses and required depopulation efforts. Aim: The aim of this study was to do Pathology and molecular detection of influenza A subtype H9N2 virus in commercial poultry in Nigeria during 2024. Methods: In February 2024, a poultry farmer reported high mortality in his mixed commercial poultry flock in Ibadan, Nigeria, submitting carcasses to the University of Ibadan's V.T.H. and the FAO Regional Laboratory at NVRI, Vom. Results: Necropsy of nine Isa Brown layers and three Abor Acre broilers revealed cyanosis of comb and wattles, generalized petechial and ecchymotic haemorrhages including shank haemorrhages with sinusitis, pneumonia, and severe greenish faecal pasting also observed. At histopathology, denudation of the tracheal epithelia and parabronchial epithelial necrosis, obliteration, with airsac oedema and emphysema were observed. At NVRI, qPCR detected an Influenza A H9N2 virus in several pooled organ samples of layers, and broilers and eliminating the avian infectious bronchitis and Newcastle disease viruses. Conclusion: This is the first report of H9N2 outbreak in commercial poultry in Southern Nigeria. The high pathogenicity shown in commercial poultry in this outbreak and the risk of dispersal of infected live poultry in Nigeria as previously seen in H5N1 require stakeholders' intervention. [Open Vet J 2024; 14(9.000): 2381-2391]

Published in Open Veterinary Journal

ISSN: 2226-4485 (Print); 2218-6050 (Online)
Publisher: Tripoli University
Country of publisher: Libya
LCC subjects: Science: Zoology
Website: http://www.openveterinaryjournal.com

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