An investigation into the possibility to eliminate the microstructural defects of parts printed using a Ni-rich Ni-Ti elemental powder mixture

Abstract

Ni-rich Ni-Ti alloys, such as 60NiTi, show a higher hardness and dimensional stability than equiatomic or near-equiatomic NiTinol ones. These make them suitable to be employed in structural applications. Laser powder bed fusion technique (LPBF) was used in this research to print parts from a Ni-rich Ni-Ti powder mixture consisting of about 63 wt.% Ni and 37 wt.% Ti. The microstructure of the obtained parts, processed using different parameters, showed inhomogeneity, contained undesirable Ni-rich and Ti-rich regions and a significant amount of cracks. To eliminate these defects, homogenize the microstructure and to obtain the required phases, we applied hot isostatic pressing (HIP) to the printed samples with a selected set of parameters. After HIP at 180 MPa and 1050 °C for 4 h, we observed the formation of a homogeneous microstructure containing mainly NiTi and Ni _3 Ti phases in the printed samples. However, cracks still persisted in the microstructure of these HIP treated samples. Applying another round of HIP treatment at a temperature just slightly above the melting start temperature of the samples, treated by the elementary HIP procedure, could successfully eliminate the cracks in the microstructure of samples and also increase the crystallinity of the existing phases.

Keywords

• Ni-Ti alloys
• elemental Ni-Ti powder mixture
• LPBF printing
• HIP treatment
• homogenization
• crack elimination