Lateral‐Opening Injection Tool Used in Percutaneous Vertebroplasty to Treat Asymptomatic Osteoporotic Vertebral Burst Fractures: A Retrospective Study

Abstract

Objective The adequate management of asymptomatic osteoporotic vertebral burst fractures (OVBFs) was still controversial. Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) could achieve quick recovery with minor trauma, but there were certain safety problems by traditional bone cement injection method. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of lateral‐opening injection tool used in PVP treating patients with asymptomatic OVBFs. Methods This was a retrospective study of OVBFs treated in our institute from March 2016 to March 2020. A total of 66 patients (mean age 72.10 ± 7.98 years, with 21 men and 45 women) who were diagnosed with acute asymptomatic OVBFs with mild spinal canal compromise were treated with PVP by using a lateral‐opening injection tool. Two puncture needles were simultaneously placed transpedicularly in the fractured vertebra, and the inner core was removed, and the lateral‐opening injection tool was inserted. The adjustment of lateral hole was to improve the distribution height of bone cement and avoid the entry of bone cement into the posterior wall of vertebral body. Related clinical outcomes and images were assessed, including back pain (visual analog scale [VAS]), vertebral height ratio (fractured vertebral height/average adjacent nonfractured vertebral height), kyphosis Cobb angle, union of the fractured vertebral posterior wall, distribution of bone cement, surgical data, and complications. Results The average follow‐up time of all cases was 21.23 ± 9.35 months. The mean amount of bone cement was 3.28 ± 0.35 ml in the vertebrae and the mean operative time was 34.02 ± 5.23 min. There were 60 cases of bone cement that contacted the upper and lower endplates on at least one side. There was no cement leakage into the spinal canal or fracture displacement of the posterior wall of the vertebral body in all cases. The VAS scores were 3.78 ± 0.42 at 1 day postoperatively and 0.53 ± 0.40 at the last follow‐up, significantly lower than 8.40 ± 0.48 preoperatively (p < 0.05). The average height ratio of anterior, middle, and posterior vertebral body after operation increased compared with that pre‐operation (p < 0.05), and the postoperative kyphosis angle decreased (p < 0.05). At 6 months follow‐up, there was no significant height loss of the vertebral body. Computed tomography examination 3 months postoperatively showed that the fracture of posterior vertebral wall healed well in all cases. There were seven cases of bone cement leakage without clinical symptoms and two adjacent vertebral fractures caused by falling. There were no cases of deep vein embolism, lower limb muscle atrophy, pneumonia, decubitus. Conclusion The lateral opening tool can be safely and effectively used in the PVP treatment on asymptomatic OVBFs with mild spinal canal compromise.

Keywords

• bone cement
• fracture healing
• lateral‐opening injection tool
• osteoporotic vertebral burst fractures
• percutaneous vertebroplasty