Mechanism of Action of Endophytic Fungi <i>Hypocrea lixii</i> and <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> in <i>Phaseolus vulgaris</i> as Biopesticides against Pea Leafminer and Fall Armyworm

Abstract

Endophytic fungal isolates Hypocrea lixii F3ST1 and Beauveria bassiana G1LU3 were evaluated for their potential to endophytically colonize and induce active compounds in Phaseolus vulgaris, as a defense mechanism against pea leafminer (Liriomyza huidobrensis) and fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). Endophytic colonization was achieved through seed inoculation with the volatile emissions from P. vulgaris plants being analyzed using GC-MS. The crude extracts of P. vulgaris obtained using methanol and dichloromethane were assayed against leafminer and fall armyworm larvae using leaf dipping and topical application, respectively. The two isolates successfully colonized the entire host plant (roots, stems, and leaves) with significant variation (p p p p H. lixii and B. bassiana in inducing mainly specific defense compounds in the common bean P. vulgaris that can be used against pea leafminer and fall armyworm.

Keywords

• <i>Hypocrea lixii</i>
• <i>Beauveria bassiana</i>
• <i>Liriomyza huidobrensis</i>
• <i>Spodoptera frugiperda</i>
• defense compounds
• volatiles