The reproducibility of cephalometric landmarks: an experimental study on skulls

Abstract

Few previous cephalometric studies have used dry skulls in order to eliminate the effects of the facial soft tissues. The aim of this study were to quantify the intra-examiner reproducibility of the commonly used cephalometric landmarks, angles and distances, using dry skulls and to compare these errors with previous error data obtained from normal cephalograms of living patients.

Keywords

• cephalometrics
• craniometry
• reproducibility
• method errors
• soft tissues