Зерновое хозяйство России (May 2018)
Heterosis in breeding of sweet sorghum
Abstract
Heterosis in breeding of sweet sorghum The breeding work with sorghum is directed on the development both highly productive and highly heterosis hybrids which usually surpass the best parental form on 15-30% and sometimes on 50% in grain and green chop productivity. The essential direction of sorghum breeding is to grow new hybrids with high effects of heterosis of economically valuable traits with their further introduction into the State List of breeding Achievements and their implementation into production. In our work with the hybrids of the first generation of sweet sorghum we used seven hybrids F1, CMS-lines and six varieties. The study was carried out in 2013-2015 in ARRIGC after I.G. Kalinenko and Stavropol RIA. The studied hybrids from the middle maturing group of ripeness had 108 days of the period ‘sprouts-milky-wax maturity’. During the period the genuine heterosis of the hybrids ranged from -7.5 to 15.6%. All studied hybrids ranked over the best parental form in initial growth activity, in plant height, stem thickness, density of leaves (excluding the hybrid ‘Alga’), protein content, green chop productivity (Gist.=44.4%) and absolutely dry matter (Gist.=32.0%). The productivity of green chop for silage ranged from 59.3 t/ha (‘Zersil’) to 84.2 t/ha (‘Kalaus’) with the average value of 69.3 t/ha among the hybrids. The hybrids ‘Start’ and ‘Kalaus’ produced the maximum yield of absolutely dry matter (20.9 t/ha). The mother cytoplasm has a great effect on the studied traits. The hybrids, obtained on the basis of CMS-line ‘Knyazhna’ showed the largest heterosis in all studied traits.
