Augmenting Suture Tape Used in Rotator Cuff Surgery With Magnesium Increases in Vitro Cellular Adhesion of Human Subacromial Bursal Tissue

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of magnesium on cellular adhesion and proliferation of human subacromial bursal tissue (SBT), osteoblasts, and tenocytes on nonabsorbable suture tape commonly used in rotator cuff surgery. Methods: Human SBT cells, primary human osteoblasts (HOBs), and primary human tenocytes were isolated from tissue samples and cultured in growth media. Commercially available collagen-coated nonabsorbable suture tape was cut into one-inch pieces, placed into 48-well culture dishes, sterilized under ultraviolet light, and treated with (+) or without (–) magnesium. For the (+) magnesium group, a one-time dose of 5 mM sterile magnesium chloride was added. Subsequently, cells were plated at a density of 20,000 cells/cm2. For each cell source (SBT, HOBs, tenocytes) cellular proliferation and adhesion assays on suture tape treated (+) or (–) magnesium were performed. Results: SBT, HOBs, and tenocytes each demonstrated the ability to adhere and proliferate on suture tape. Augmenting suture tape with magnesium resulted in a significantly increased cellular adhesion of SBT compared with nonaugmented sutures (P = .001), whereas no significant differences were observed for HOBs (P = .081) and tenocytes (P = .907). Augmentation with magnesium demonstrated no significant difference in cellular proliferation of SBT (P = .856), HOBs (P = .672), and tenocytes (P = .251) compared with nonaugmented sutures. Conclusions: SBT, osteoblasts, and tenocytes each demonstrated the ability to adhere and proliferate on suture tape. In addition, augmenting the suture with magnesium resulted in a significantly increased cellular adhesion of SBT compared with nonaugmented sutures, whereas no significant differences were observed for osteoblasts and tenocytes. Further, magnesium did not impair the proliferative activity of SBT, osteoblasts, and tenocytes on suture tape used in rotator cuff surgery. Clinical Relevance: Modifying the surface of the suture used for repair with application of magnesium may be an inexpensive and technically feasible option to improve the use of SBT for biologic augmentation of rotator cuff repair.