Multi-function of adipose-derived stem cells on gut disorder: from bench to bedside

Abstract

Abstract Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are a specific type of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) obtained easily from adipose tissue (AT). Compared with MSCs, ADSCs are easier to obtain, have fewer ethical issues, and have a higher proliferative capacity, which makes them a promising type of stem cell in regenerative medicine. ADSCs possess impressive capabilities in cell regeneration as well as differentiation, making them promising candidates for injury repair, tissue regeneration and alleviation of inflamed tissues. At present, most clinical studies on ADSCs focus on the treatment of wounds, multiple sclerosis, soft tissue trauma, aging, diabetes, Parkinson’s disease, bone and cartilage regeneration, stroke, and spinal cord injury, while its clinical applications in the gastrointestinal tract are relatively few. Therefore, this review summarizes the findings of preclinical experiments, clinical trials, and areas that may require further development of ADSCs in the treatment of digestive disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colorectal cancer (CRC), colorectal fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, hepatic fibrosis, gastric cancer (GC), gastrostomy closure and radiation-induced proctitis. The review is concluded by discussing the goals for improvement and future directions for ADSCs before large-scale clinical application. Graphical Abstract

Keywords

• Adipose-derived stem cells
• Mesenchymal stem cells
• Inflammatory bowel disease
• Immunoregulatory effects
• Anti-inflammation
• Fibrosis