Phenotypic variation analysis of 963 global Brassica napus germplasm resources(963份世界甘蓝型油菜种质资源的表型变异分析)

Abstract

Rapeseed (Brassica napus) plays a crucial role as a globally important oilseed crop. To advance molecular breeding and genetic manipulation strategies for rapeseed, it is crucial to identify gene resources by comprehensively analyzing phenotypic variations in key agronomic traits across a diverse global collection of rapeseed germplasm resources. This study focused on 963 genetic accessions that represent global rapeseed germplasm resources and evaluated 19 pivotal agronomic traits to perform genetic diversity analysis, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis within the population. The findings revealed substantial genetic variation in the phenotypic expression of the majority of traits (over 70%) and robust correlations among specific traits, particularly plant morphology, yield, and seed quality characters. Through principal component analysis, seven principal component factors were extracted. Cluster analysis grouped the accessions into four distinct clusters, with group Ⅳ displaying advantages in terms of yield and quality, group Ⅱ performing better in terms of compact plant architecture, and group Ⅲ having a greater capacity for lodging resistance. These results lay a solid foundation for leveraging the existing genomic data platforms to identify and harness key genes that regulate critical agronomic traits. . 甘蓝型油菜（Brassica napus）是世界重要的油料作物。在充分了解世界油菜种质资源主要农艺性状表型变异的基础上鉴定基因资源，是进一步开展油菜分子育种或基因操纵的重要基础性工作。本研究以963份世界甘蓝型油菜品种（系）为观察对象，对其19个重要农艺性状进行测定，进而对遗传群体进行遗传多样性分析、相关性分析、主成分分析、聚类分析。结果表明，群体内大部分性状（超过70%）的表型具有丰富的遗传变异，性状间存在着较强的相关性，尤其是株型、产量、品质性状三者之间关系密切。通过主成分分析，共提取到7个主成分因子。通过聚类分析，将这些种质材料划分为4个类群，其中类群Ⅳ在产量和品质方面具有优势，类群Ⅱ在紧凑型株型方面表现较好，类群Ⅲ抗倒伏能力较强。本研究结果为充分利用已有基因组数据平台，鉴定与发掘调控主要农艺性状的关键基因奠定了基础。

Keywords

• 甘蓝型油菜(brassica napus)
• 表型变异(phenotypic variation)
• 遗传多样性(genetic diversity)
• 相关性分析(correlation analysis)
• 主成分分析(principal component analysis)
• 聚类分析(cluster analysis)