Adherence and contamination in a 1‐year physical activity program in childhood cancer survivors: A report from the SURfit study

Abstract

Abstract Purpose Meeting intervention requirements is crucial in behavioral trials. We examined patterns and predictors of physical activity (PA) adherence and contamination in a 1‐year individualized randomized controlled PA behavioral intervention in childhood cancer survivors (CCS). Methods CCS aged ≥16 at enrolment, 60 min increase/week in PA). Predictors of adherence/contamination including quality of life (36‐Item Short Form Survey) were assessed by questionnaire. We used logistic (control group) and mixed logistic regression models (exercise group) to estimate predictors of study adherence and contamination. Results One hundred and forty‐four survivors (30.4 ± 8.7 years old, 43% females) were included. Adherence was 48% (35/73) in the intervention group, while 17% (12/71) of controls contaminated group allocation. Predictors for PA adherence were female sex (OR 2.35, p = 0.03), higher physical (OR 1.34, p = 0.01) and mental quality of life (OR 1.37, p = 0.001), and week into the intervention (OR 0.98, p < 0.001). Clear differences in PA behavior of adherent and non‐adherent participants were seen from week four. No significant predictors for contamination were found for controls. Conclusion Adherence to PA behavior interventions remain challenging in both groups. Further long‐term trials should consider intense motivational support within the first month, more detailed data collection for the control group, adjustments to power calculations and other study designs to minimize non‐adherence and contamination.

Keywords

• adherence
• childhood cancer survivors
• contamination
• exercise
• physical activity