Adopting a Statistical, Mechanistic, Integrated Surveillance, Thermal Biology, and Holistic (SMITH) Approach for Arbovirus Control in a Changing Climate: A Review of Evidence
Habeebullah Jayeola Oladipo,
Yusuf Amuda Tajudeen,
Iyiola Olatunji Oladunjoye,
Sheriff Taye Mustapha,
Yusuff Inaolaji Sodiq,
Rashidat Onyinoyi Yusuf,
Oluwaseyi Muyiwa Egbewande,
Abdulbasit Opeyemi Muili,
Taofeekat Oluwatosin Adigun,
Emmanuel O. Taiwo,
Mona Said El-Sherbini
Affiliations
Habeebullah Jayeola Oladipo
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria
Yusuf Amuda Tajudeen
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria
Iyiola Olatunji Oladunjoye
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria
Sheriff Taye Mustapha
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria
Yusuff Inaolaji Sodiq
Department of Medicine, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ibadan-Ife Rd, Ife 220101, Osun State, Nigeria
Rashidat Onyinoyi Yusuf
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria
Oluwaseyi Muyiwa Egbewande
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin 240003, Nigeria
Abdulbasit Opeyemi Muili
Department of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Oyo/Ilorin Rd, Ogbomosho 210214, Nigeria
Taofeekat Oluwatosin Adigun
Department of Health Education, University of Ibadan P.M.B. 5017 G.P.O, Ibadan 200212, Nigeria
Emmanuel O. Taiwo
Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office, Maitama, Abuja 900103, Nigeria
Mona Said El-Sherbini
Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
Arbovirus control depends on accurate projections of likely changes in the arthropod vector species, essential to inform local and global public health authorities. According to the WHO Assembly and the Global Vector Control Response (GVCR), by 2030, the burden of vector-borne diseases, particularly arbovirus infections, is expected to be greatly decreased. However, anthropogenic drivers, including climate change, insecticide resistance, and a lack of operational local databases for risk management of emerging and re-emerging arboviruses, hinders effective implementation plans. This article presents a statistical, mechanistic, integrated surveillance, thermal biology, and holistic framework (termed SMITH) to discuss how temperature variations affect the biological transmission, replication, extrinsic incubation period, nutritional behavior, distribution, and survival (TRENDS) of arboviruses. Future transdisciplinary research that involves knowledge translation between local and global communities is required for early detection and risk management of the growing threat posed by arboviruses for human, animal, and planetary health.
