Zhongguo quanke yixue (Nov 2022)
Mediator Role of Future Time Perspective in the Longitudinal Effects of Cumulative Ecological Risk on Healthy Lifestyle of Left-behind and Non-left-behind Adolescents in Rural Areas
Abstract
Background Exploring the factors influencing healthy lifestyle in adolescents is beneficial to promoting the physical and mental health of adolescents, which is an important initiative to promote the achievement of the goals of Healthy China. Moreover, it is also an important means to achieve the goals of health poverty alleviation and targeted poverty alleviation projects in both left-behind and non-left-behind rural adolescents. Objective To investigate the longitudinal effect of cumulative ecological risk on healthy lifestyle and the mediating effect of future time perspective between them in rural left-behind and non-left-behind adolescents. Methods Rural left-behind and non-left-behind adolescents from 24 classes in 12 schools in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province were selected from October 2020 to October 2021. Three surveys (the first, second and third were on cumulative ecological risk, future time perspective and healthy lifestyle, respectively) were conducted with them, and had 1 135, 1 102 and 1 053 responders, respectively. Person correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between cumulative ecological risk, future time perspective and healthy lifestyle. Structural equation model was used for mediation analysis, and Bootstrap sampling method was used to further assess the mediating effect of future time perspective. Results Finally, 1 053 cases who effectively responded to each of the three surveys were included for analysis, including 335 left-behind adolescents (31.81%) and 718 non-left-behind adolescents (68.19%) . The scores of annual cumulative ecological risk (October 2020) , future time perspective (April 2021) and healthy lifestyle (October 2021) were (2.78±1.45) , (53.40±13.80) and (150.72±24.67) , respectively for left-behind responders, and were (2.34±1.24) , (59.21±8.46) and (159.07±14.43) , respectively for non-left-behind responders. Correlation analysis showed that cumulative ecological risk was negatively correlated with both future time perspective and healthy lifestyle (P<0.05) , and future time perspective was negatively correlated with healthy lifestyle (P<0.05) . Forced regression indicated that the healthy lifestyle was inversely and longitudinally influenced by cumulative ecological risk in rural left-behind adolescents (β=-0.31, P<0.01) , showing a trend of sharp and positively accelerated decline. The healthy lifestyle was also inversely and longitudinally influenced by cumulative ecological risk in non-left-behind adolescents (β=-0.22, P<0.01) , demonstrating a relatively liner trend of mild decline. Mediating analysis using Bootstrap sampling revealed that future time perspective played a mediating role in the longitudinal effect produced by cumulative ecological risk on the healthy lifestyle in both rural left-behind and non-left-behind adolescents (P<0.01) . Conclusion The cumulative ecological risk may be a longitudinal predictor of the healthy lifestyle in left-behind and non-left-behind adolescents, and its predictive value was higher in the latter. Future time perspective was a mediator in the relationship between cumulative ecological risk and healthy lifestyle in both left-behind and non-left-behind adolescents.
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