Migraine and cognitive impairment: the interconnected processes

Abstract

This review explores the intricate relationship between migraine and cognitive impairment, highlighting their mutual influence. Migraine, a neurological disorder characterized by severe headaches and associated cognitive issues, such as memory problems, attention difficulties, and reduced processing speed, is influenced by factors like cortical spreading depression, changes in neurovascular function, neuroinflammation, and imbalances in neurotransmitters. The review emphasizes the critical role of neuroimaging in understanding these cognitive deficits. MRI and PET scans have been used in studies to demonstrate that migraine sufferers’ brains exhibit both structural and functional changes. For instance, white matter lesions and altered connectivity in areas related to cognitive function have been identified. These findings present exciting possibilities for future research, providing hope for further insights into the long-term effects of migraines on cognitive abilities. The relationship between migraine and cognitive impairment is not one-sided but rather reciprocal. Migraines can contribute to cognitive dysfunction, and conversely, cognitive impairment can exacerbate migraine symptoms. Cognitive deficits can elevate stress levels, impede pain management, and complicate medication adherence, creating a harmful cycle that negatively impacts overall well-being.

Keywords

• Migraine
• cognitive impairment
• depression
• executive function
• memory
• attention