Prevalence, Molecular Detection, and Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Salmonella</i> Isolates from Poultry Farms across Central Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas

Hika Waktole; Yonas Ayele; Yamlaksira Ayalkibet; Tsedale Teshome; Tsedal Muluneh; Sisay Ayane; Bizunesh Mideksa Borena; Takele Abayneh; Getaw Deresse; Zerihun Asefa; Tadesse Eguale; Kebede Amenu; Hagos Ashenafi; Gunther Antonissen

doi:10.3390/microorganisms12040767

Microorganisms (Apr 2024)

Prevalence, Molecular Detection, and Antimicrobial Resistance of <i>Salmonella</i> Isolates from Poultry Farms across Central Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study in Urban and Peri-Urban Areas

Hika Waktole,
Yonas Ayele,
Yamlaksira Ayalkibet,
Tsedale Teshome,
Tsedal Muluneh,
Sisay Ayane,
Bizunesh Mideksa Borena,
Takele Abayneh,
Getaw Deresse,
Zerihun Asefa,
Tadesse Eguale,
Kebede Amenu,
Hagos Ashenafi,
Gunther Antonissen

Affiliations

Hika Waktole: Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
Yonas Ayele: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia
Yamlaksira Ayalkibet: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia
Tsedale Teshome: Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia
Tsedal Muluneh: Department of Animal Production Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia
Sisay Ayane: Department of Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ambo University, Ambo P.O. Box 19, Ethiopia
Bizunesh Mideksa Borena: Department of Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Ambo University, Ambo P.O. Box 19, Ethiopia
Takele Abayneh: National Veterinary Institute (NVI), Bishoftu P.O. Box 19, Ethiopia
Getaw Deresse: National Veterinary Institute (NVI), Bishoftu P.O. Box 19, Ethiopia
Zerihun Asefa: Department of Clinical Studies, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia
Tadesse Eguale: Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia
Kebede Amenu: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu P.O. Box 34, Ethiopia
Hagos Ashenafi: Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa P.O. Box 1176, Ethiopia
Gunther Antonissen: Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms12040767
Journal volume & issue: Vol. 12, no. 4
p. 767

Abstract

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A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the prevalence, molecular detection, and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates within 162 poultry farms in selected urban and peri-urban areas of central Ethiopia. A total of 1515 samples, including cloacal swabs (n = 763), fresh fecal droppings (n = 188), litter (n = 188), feed (n = 188), and water (n = 188), were bacteriologically tested. The molecular detection of some culture-positive isolates was performed via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by targeting spy and sdfl genes for Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis, respectively. Risk factors for the occurrence of the bacterial isolates were assessed. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing of PCR-confirmed Salmonella isolates was conducted using 12 antibiotics. In this study, it was observed that 50.6% of the farms were positive for Salmonella. The overall sample-level prevalence of Salmonella was 14.4%. Among the analyzed risk factors, the type of production, breed, and sample type demonstrated a statistically significant association (p Salmonella. The PCR test disclosed that 45.5% (15/33) and 23.3% (10/43) of the isolates were positive for genes of Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis, respectively. The antimicrobial susceptibility test disclosed multi-drug resistance to ten of the tested antibiotics that belong to different classes. Substantial isolation of Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis in poultry and on poultry farms, along with the existence of multi-drug resistant isolates, poses an alarming risk of zoonotic and food safety issues. Hence, routine flock testing, farm surveillance, biosecurity intervention, stringent antimicrobial use regulations, and policy support for the sector are highly needed.

Published in Microorganisms

ISSN: 2076-2607 (Online)
Publisher: MDPI AG
Country of publisher: Switzerland
LCC subjects: Science: Biology (General)
Website: https://www.mdpi.com/journal/microorganisms

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