Porphyromonas gingivalis in Dental Caries: Prevalence and Association with Diabetes and Smoking

Abstract

Background and objectives: Porphyromonas gingivalis is an intraoral anaerobic bacterium that causes periodontal disease. Diabetes and smoking are thought to be the main associated risk factors. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of P. gingivalis in periodontitis patients and to determine its association with diabetes and smoking. Methods: This three - month cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of Microbiology, Sharda Hospital, Greater Noida. 38 plaque samples were collected and cultured anaerobically to look for the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Results: P. gingivalis growth was detected in 27 of 38 samples, accounting for a 71.05% prevalence rate. Diabetic smokers were responsible for 66% of P. gingivalis development, which was statistically significant (p value 0.05). Conclusion: Diabetic smokers are more vulnerable to developing periodontal infections, especially due to P. gingivalis. So, regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene practices are recommended along with proper treatment. Keywords: Porphyromonas gingivalis; Periodontitis; Diabetes; Smoking; India