Peripheral tissue perfusion in individuals with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associations with type 2 diabetes: a cross-sectional study

Abstract

Abstract Background Early recognition of peripheral tissue perfusion deficits can minimize secondary complications of peripheral arterial disease in individuals with diabetes. Objectives To compare parameters of peripheral tissue perfusion in the leg at rest and during and after progressive effort between non-diabetics and individuals with type 2 diabetes and normal ankle brachial index values, as well as to evaluate the factors associated with peripheral tissue perfusion in the leg in individuals with type 2 diabetes during progressive effort. Methods This cross-sectional study included 31 individuals with type 2 diabetes and 31 non-diabetics. Anthropometric measurements and physical activity levels were assessed in all individuals. Peripheral tissue perfusion was analyzed using near-infrared spectroscopy during an arterial occlusion maneuver and the Incremental Shuttle Walking Test. Results During progressive effort, the tissue oxygen saturation level was lower in the type 2 diabetes group (type 2 diabetes, 58.74 [56.27–61.74] than the non-diabetic group, 62.15 [59.09–66.49]; p = 0.005). There were significant correlations between tissue oxygen saturation during progressive effort and physical activity level (p < 0.0001; r = -0.681), total body fat percentage (p = 0.001; r = 0.590), segmental body fat percentage (p < 0.0001; r = 0.616), total skeletal muscle mass (p < 0.0001; r = -0.628), and segmental skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.001; r = -0.592). Conclusions Individuals with type 2 diabetes and normal ankle-brachial index values had worse tissue perfusion during progressive effort than non-diabetics, and there was an association between perfusion, physical activity level, and body composition in the type 2 diabetes group.

Keywords

• leg
• microcirculation
• near-infrared spectroscopy
• type 2 diabetes mellitus