Comparison of 2D and 3D Representations of Explosion Hazardous Areas

Abstract

The representation of potentially explosive areas depends on the flammable and explosive properties of the substances used, such as gases/vapors or dust, and the conditions under which they are present in the technology. The ATEX (ATmosphères EXplosibles) directives, specifically Directive 99/92/EC - risks from explosive atmospheres (ATEX -137), define the possible explosive areas as Zone 0, 1, 2 for gases/vapors and Zone 20, 21, 22 for flammable dusts. Guidance on the classification of these zones is provided by standards such as EN IEC 60079-10-1:2020 "Classification of areas – Explosive gas atmospheres" and EN IEC 60079-10-2:2015 "Classification of areas – Explosive dust atmospheres." Taking into account the type, quantity, concentration, and operational parameters of explosive substance present in the given technology, and considering relevant regulations and standards applicable to the technology, it is necessary to determine the extent and type of explosive hazard areas and represent them visually. It is possible to use 2D (two-dimensional) and 3D (three-dimensional) representation modes. 2D representation is a well-established and accepted method, 3D representation is a new approach. The difference between the two lies in how detailed and spatial information they provide about explosive hazard areas. Each method has its own advantages and application areas. 2D representation can be realized in the form of floor plans, blueprints, and maps. These drawings typically indicate the location, boundaries, and other related information of explosive zones in the horizontal and vertical dimensions. 3D representation utilizes spatial modeling, providing a more detailed presentation of the terrain's topography and the location of hazardous areas in the vertical dimension as well. The richness of detail in 3D representation allows for a more realistic depiction and aids in understanding the spatial relationships of objects and equipment within the area. Both types of representation have their own advantages, and the choice of application depends on specific needs and available information. In the study, the explosive hazard areas of a storage tank will be depicted using both 2D and 3D techniques.