An upstream enhancer regulates Gpihbp1 expression in a tissue-specific manner[S]

Christopher M. Allan; Patrick J. Heizer; Yiping Tu; Norma P. Sandoval; Rachel S. Jung; Jazmin E. Morales; Eniko Sajti; Ty D. Troutman; Thomas L. Saunders; Darren A. Cusanovich; Anne P. Beigneux; Casey E. Romanoski; Loren G. Fong; Stephen G. Young

Journal of Lipid Research (Apr 2019)

An upstream enhancer regulates Gpihbp1 expression in a tissue-specific manner[S]

Christopher M. Allan,
Patrick J. Heizer,
Yiping Tu,
Norma P. Sandoval,
Rachel S. Jung,
Jazmin E. Morales,
Eniko Sajti,
Ty D. Troutman,
Thomas L. Saunders,
Darren A. Cusanovich,
Anne P. Beigneux,
Casey E. Romanoski,
Loren G. Fong,
Stephen G. Young

Affiliations

Christopher M. Allan: Departments of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
Patrick J. Heizer: Departments of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
Yiping Tu: Departments of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
Norma P. Sandoval: Departments of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
Rachel S. Jung: Departments of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
Jazmin E. Morales: Departments of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
Eniko Sajti: Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neurology, Rady Children's Hospital, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92123
Ty D. Troutman: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
Thomas L. Saunders: University of Michigan Transgenic Animal Model Core, Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
Darren A. Cusanovich: Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
Anne P. Beigneux: Departments of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095
Casey E. Romanoski: To whom correspondence should be addressed. (S.G.Y.); (L.G.F.); (C.E.R.); Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721; To whom correspondence should be addressed. (S.G.Y.); (L.G.F.); (C.E.R.)
Loren G. Fong: To whom correspondence should be addressed. (S.G.Y.); (L.G.F.); (C.E.R.); Departments of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; To whom correspondence should be addressed. (S.G.Y.); (L.G.F.); (C.E.R.)
Stephen G. Young: To whom correspondence should be addressed. (S.G.Y.); (L.G.F.); (C.E.R.); Departments of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095; To whom correspondence should be addressed. (S.G.Y.); (L.G.F.); (C.E.R.)

Journal volume & issue: Vol. 60, no. 4
pp. 869 – 879

Abstract

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Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high density lipoprotein–binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1), the protein that shuttles LPL to the capillary lumen, is essential for plasma triglyceride metabolism. When GPIHBP1 is absent, LPL remains stranded within the interstitial spaces and plasma triglyceride hydrolysis is impaired, resulting in severe hypertriglyceridemia. While the functions of GPIHBP1 in intravascular lipolysis are reasonably well understood, no one has yet identified DNA sequences regulating GPIHBP1 expression. In the current studies, we identified an enhancer element located ∼3.6 kb upstream from exon 1 of mouse Gpihbp1. To examine the importance of the enhancer, we used CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to create mice lacking the enhancer (Gpihbp1 Enh/Enh). Removing the enhancer reduced Gpihbp1 expression by >90% in the liver and by ∼50% in heart and brown adipose tissue. The reduced expression of GPIHBP1 was insufficient to prevent LPL from reaching the capillary lumen, and it did not lead to hypertriglyceridemia–even when mice were fed a high-fat diet. Compound heterozygotes (Gpihbp1 Enh/− mice) displayed further reductions in Gpihbp1 expression and exhibited partial mislocalization of LPL (increased amounts of LPL within the interstitial spaces of the heart), but the plasma triglyceride levels were not perturbed. The enhancer element that we identified represents the first insight into DNA sequences controlling Gpihbp1 expression.

Published in Journal of Lipid Research

ISSN: 0022-2275 (Print); 1539-7262 (Online)
Publisher: Elsevier
Country of publisher: United States
LCC subjects: Science: Chemistry: Organic chemistry: Biochemistry
Website: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-lipid-research

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