5 year-effectiveness of paclitaxel drug-eluting balloon for coronary in-stent restenosis in a real-world registry

Abstract

ABSTRACT Introduction and objectives: Coronary in-stent restenosis (ISR) is associated with a high target lesion revascularization rate, while the drug-eluting balloon (DEB) presents IA class level of evidence for its treatment. Nevertheless, very long-term outcomes of DEB for ISR in non-selected populations of patients are unknown. Our goal is to evaluate the very long-term (5 year) effectiveness of DEBs in a real-world registry. Methods: Retrospective registry from an ISR cohort treated with DEB. The primary outcome was the rate of target lesion revascularization (TLR) at 5 years. Secondary outcomes were evaluated according to the ARC-2 criteria. Results: From January 2010 through December 2013, 53 ISRs were treated using DEBs in 48 patients. Patients were old (69.3 ± 11.8 years-old) and 55.8% had diabetes. The rate of TLR at 1 year was 9.4%, and 20.8% at 3 and 5 years, respectively. The rate of late TLR (after the first year) was 11.4%, only after DEB for bare metal ISR. The 5-year TLR was not associated with diabetes (22.7% vs 19.2%; P = .76) and was not significantly lower after cutting-balloon (12.5% vs 24.3%; P = .47) or in bare-metal stent ISR (20.6% vs 21.1%; P = .96). There was no definite/probable stent thrombosis of the lesions treated with DEB at follow-up. Conclusions: In a real-world cohort, the 5-year TLR rate after DEB for ISR was 20.8%. Late TLR accounted for half of the TLR at follow-up (after DEB for bare metal ISR), while the rate of TLR seemed to stabilize at 3 years. There was no stent thrombosis of the lesions treated with DEB.

Keywords

• Drug-eluting balloon
• In-stent restenosis
• Target lesion revascularization