Uncovering Chemical Interactions between Danshen and Danggui Using Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry and Network Pharmacology-Based Research on Stroke

Abstract

Objective: The objective of this study was to decipher chemical interactions between Danshen and Danggui using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and explore the mechanisms of Danshen–Danggui against stroke using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Materials and Methods: First, the chemical compounds of Danshen–Danggui were profiled using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-quadrupole time-of-flight MS. Accurately characterized compounds in various proportions of Danshen–Danggui were quantified using HPLC combined with triple quadrupole electrospray tandem MS. Network pharmacology was used to uncover the essential mechanisms of action of Danshen–Danggui against stroke. Discovery Studio Software was used for the molecular docking verification of key active chemicals and stroke-related targets. Results: A total of 53 compounds were characterized, and 22 accurately identified constituents (10 phenolic acids, 8 phthalides, and 4 tanshinones) were quantified in 15 proportions of Danshen–Danggui. The quantification results showed that Danggui significantly increased the dissolution of most phenolic acids (compounds from Danshen), whereas Danshen promoted the dissolution of most phthalides (compounds from Danggui). Overall, the combination of Danshen and Danggui at a 1:1 ratio resulted in the maximum total dissolution rate. Further network pharmacology and molecular docking results indicated that Danshen–Danggui exerted anti-stroke effects mainly by regulating inflammation-related (tumor necrosis factor, hypoxia-inducible factor, and toll-like receptor) signaling pathways, which ranked among the top three pathways based on Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Conclusion: The chemical compounds in Danshen–Danggui could interact with each other to increase the dissolution of the most active compounds, which could provide a solid basis for uncovering the compatibility mechanisms of Danshen–Danggui and Danshen–Danggui-based formulae.

Keywords

• chemical interactions
• danggui
• danshen
• liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
• network pharmacology