Comparison of Two Rituximab Induction Regimens for Antineutrophil Cytoplasm Antibody–Associated Vasculitis: Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Abstract

Objective The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of two rituximab (RTX) regimens for the induction of remission in severe antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody–associated vasculitis (AAV): the four‐dose (375 mg/m2 intravenously weekly) versus the two‐dose (1000 mg intravenously biweekly) regimen. Methods A systematic review was performed to identify studies using the four‐ and/or two‐dose RTX regimens for induction of remission in severe AAV. Disease status 6 months after RTX infusion was required for inclusion. Patients were excluded if they received concomitant cyclophosphamide or plasma exchange. The primary end point was the proportion of patients in complete remission at 6 months. The pooled estimate was obtained by using meta‐analysis methods for proportions with random effects. Secondary end points included antineutrophil cytoplasm antibody status, number of patients with B‐cell depletion, mean prednisone dose, infections, and death. Results A total of 27 studies and 506 patients were included for analysis: 361 patients received the four‐dose regimen, and 145 patients received the two‐dose regimen. Most patients had relapsing disease at inclusion (83% and 92% of patients, respectively). There was no significant difference between the four‐ and two‐dose regimens, with a complete remission achieved in 85% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 70‐96) and 91% (95% CI: 79‐99) of patients, respectively. At 6 months, both regimens were associated with a similar mean daily prednisone dose (8.1 mg), infections (12% in both), and death (1% vs 0%, respectively). Conclusion No difference was found in terms of efficacy or safety between the four‐ and two‐dose RTX regimens for induction of remission in severe AAV.