Development Trend in Composition Optimization, Microstructure Manipulation, and Strengthening Methods of Die Steels under Lightweight and Integrated Die Casting
Ze-Ju Bao,
Hong-Yu Yang,
Bai-Xin Dong,
Fang Chang,
Chuan-De Li,
Ying Jiang,
Liang-Yu Chen,
Shi-Li Shu,
Qi-Chuan Jiang,
Feng Qiu
Affiliations
Ze-Ju Bao
State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
Hong-Yu Yang
State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
Bai-Xin Dong
State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
Fang Chang
State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
Chuan-De Li
State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
Ying Jiang
State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
Liang-Yu Chen
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
Shi-Li Shu
State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
Qi-Chuan Jiang
State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
Feng Qiu
State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
In the general environment of lightweight automobiles, the integrated die-casting technology proposed by Tesla has become the general mode to better achieve weight reduction in automobiles. The die-casting mold required by integrated die-casting technology has the characteristics of large scale and complexity. Hence, higher requirements are put forward for the comprehensive performance of the die steel. Despite the stagnation in the progress of conventional strengthening methods, enhancing the performance of die steel has become increasingly challenging. Indeed, it necessitates exploring novel die steel and optimizing heat treatment and reinforcement technologies. This article summarizes and analyzes the development status of die steel and corresponding heat treatment and microstructure manipulation as well as strengthening methods and elaborates on an excellent nano-strengthening technology. Furthermore, this review will aid researchers in establishing a comprehensive understanding of the development status of die steel and the processes utilized for its strengthening. It will also assist them in developing die steel with improved comprehensive performance to meet the high demand for mold steel in the integrated die-casting technology of the new era.